江苏苏州黄埭中学 刘 晴
苏州市2014届高三英语调研测试题单选32题如下：You should be grateful to your employees, because you would be ___you are now without them.
A. why B. how C. where D. which
【解析】答案C。本题考查表语从句，where在从句中作表语。结合本句意思只能选where。这道题的错误率很高，很多学生对于where引导从句的用法不是很熟练，为此笔者就where引导的从句作详细的归纳。where既可引导定语从句也可引导名词性从句和状语从句，本文就where引导的三大从句作一个比较和归纳。
一、如何确定where从句的类型
1.如果主句完整，且where引导的整个从句都用来修饰其前面的地点名词，那就是定语从句；
2.如果主句主干不完整，如缺少主语、宾语、表语或同位语，那就是名词性从句；
3.如果where前面没有表示地点的先行词，且where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，此时是地点状语从句。
判断下列where 引导的从句属于什么类型的从句
(1)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
(2)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you´d better stay where you are and wait for help.
(3)This is where he was born.
【解析】第1句是定语从句，主句完整，where引导的从句修饰先行词platform；第2句是地点状语从句； where引导的从句修饰stay，表示呆在……的地方；第3句是名词性从句，主句不完整缺少表语，所以是表语从句。
二、where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别
where引导定语从句和地点状语从句可从几个方面进行区别。
1.看where前面有没有先行词
若where从句前有其修饰的地点名词或抽象地点,那么Where引导的是定语从句。若Where前面没有表示地点的名词，那么Where引导的是地点状语从句。如：
(1)（2013北京卷）Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
(2)(2012天津卷)Everything was placed exactly where he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
【解析】第1句是定语从句，其前有修饰的地点名词national parks；第2句是地点状语从句，前面没有表示地点的名词。注意当先行词是point, stage, situation, case, position等抽象的地点名词，且它们在定语从句中作状语，应由where引导定语从句。
(3)After graduation she reached a point in her career____ she needed to decide what to do.
A. that B.owshot C. which D. where
【答案】D。
2.看where在从句中的作用
关系副词where在定语从句中代替先行词作地点状语。然而从属连词where引导地点状语从句时，修饰主句的谓语动词（多为不及物Vi）,充当主句谓语的地点状语成分。如：
(1)（2013全国卷Ⅱ）When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ____I would be staying.
A. what B. when C. where D. which
(2)(2012山东)A number of high buildings have arisen___ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
A. when B.owered C. before D.unhill
【解析】第1题选C。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the house，且代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语。第2题选B。where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词arise，表示“在……的地方”。
3.看where是否能用in/at + which替换
引导定语从句的where可以用 in/on/at + which来替换，但是在地点状语从句中只能用where，不可以用介词+which替换。如：
(1)(2013江西卷)He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.
(2)(2000上海卷)She found the calculator where she lost it..
【解析】第1句where引导定语从句修饰先行词a letter,可用in which替换。第2句where引导地点状语从句不能用介词+which来替换
4.看where从句的位置
where引导定语从句时，放在先行词的后面。在地点状语从句中，当where修饰主句的谓语动词时，where从句放句末。但是当表示抽象的条件含义时，where从句放在句首。如:
(1)Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
(2)Where there is life, there is hope.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。
5.where引导定语从句和地点状语从句的转换
有时候定语从句可以和地点状语从句可以互相转化。Where引导的地点状语从句=in/at/to the place where引导的定语从句。如：
(1)You’d better make a mark at the place（where you have any questions.）本句where引导定语从句
(2)You´d better make a mark where you have any questions.本句where引导地点状语从句
三、Where作连接副词引导名词性从句
1.连接副词where引导名词性从句时在名词性从句中作地点状语或者表语，表示“在哪里”。如：
(1)Where he was born is unknown to us. 主语从句中作地点状语
(2)(2010全国卷Ⅰ) Have you finished the book? No, I’ve read up to ___children discover the secret cave.
(3)(2010江苏卷)I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.That’s where I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 表语从句中作地点状语
(4)We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
(5)（2007浙江卷）Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?That’s_______ this best jobs are.
A. where B. bowshot C. women D. ewe
[解析]此题选A，表语从句中缺少表语，表示那儿是好工作所在的地方。
2.where引导的名词性从句和定语从句的转化
如：This is where he works.表语从句
This is the place where/in which he works.定语从句
通过以上分析我们可以看出，where在不同的句子中充当不同的成分，具有不同的语法功能。在学习中只有细心分析，认真比较，才能理解和掌握where引导的从句。
